Introduction
American football special teamsis a game of strategy, strength, and skill, with three fundamental phases: offense, defense, and special teams. While offense and defense often steal the spotlight, special teams play a crucial role in determining the outcome of a game. This unit is responsible for executing kickoffs, punts, field goals, and extra points, making game-changing plays that can shift momentum in an instant. Without a strong special teams unit, even the most well-rounded teams can struggle to secure victories. Let’s delve into the world of special teams and explore how they influence the game.
Kickoff And Kickoff Coverage
Kickoff is one of the most thrilling moments in a football game. It marks the beginning of each half and follows every scoring play. The kicking team’s goal is to send the ball deep into the opponent’s territory, forcing them to start their offensive drive as far back as possible. The kickoff coverage unit consists of players who sprint down the field to tackle the returner before he can gain significant yardage. Special teams players must be fast, disciplined, and excellent tacklers to prevent long returns. Kickers aim to deliver high, deep kicks to give their teammates enough time to reach the returner and shut down any potential big plays. Some teams use squib kicks or directional kicks to limit the returner’s ability to break free.
Kickoff Return Strategy
On the receiving end, the kickoff return team’s objective is to advance the ball as far as possible to set up favorable field position for the offense. A return specialist, typically one of the fastest and most elusive players on the team, waits in the backfield to catch the kick and find running lanes created by blockers. The return team arranges in a formation designed to create paths for the returner, with players assigned to block incoming tacklers strategically. Some teams employ designed return plays such as wedge returns, where blockers form a tight group to escort the returner upfield, or reverse plays, where the returner hands the ball off to another player to confuse the coverage team. A successful return can shift momentum and provide the offense with an excellent starting point.
Punting And Punt Coverage
When an offensive drive stalls before reaching scoring range, the team relies on the punter to flip field position. A good punt pins the opposing team deep in their territory, making it harder for them to mount a successful drive. Punters use different techniques, including directional punts to limit return opportunities and high hang-time punts to allow coverage players to get downfield. The punt coverage team’s responsibility is to sprint toward the returner and ensure he has minimal space to maneuver. Gunners, the fastest players on the coverage unit, race down the sidelines to be the first to reach the returner and force a fair catch or tackle him immediately after catching the ball.
Punt Return Strategy
The punt return team has a dual role: blocking to protect the returner and setting up an opportunity for a big return. The returner must have excellent vision, agility, and hands to secure the ball cleanly and evade defenders. Some teams prefer an aggressive approach, setting up a return play with well-organized blocking schemes, while others prioritize calling a fair catch to avoid turnovers. A game-changing punt return for a touchdown can electrify the crowd and shift momentum dramatically. Special teams coaches often use film study to identify weaknesses in the opponent’s coverage and design return plays to exploit gaps.
Field Goals And Extra Points
Field goals are one of the most direct ways special teams contribute to the scoreboard. The placekicker’s job is to kick the ball through the uprights for three points. A reliable kicker can be a game-changer, often deciding the outcome of close contests. The field goal unit consists of the snapper, holder, kicker, and linemen who block defenders. The snapper delivers a precise snap to the holder, who sets the ball for the kicker. Any disruption in this sequence can result in a missed kick. Wind conditions, pressure situations, and defensive rushes add layers of complexity to field goal attempts. After touchdowns, the kicker also attempts extra points, a seemingly routine play that has become more challenging since the NFL moved the extra point distance back in 2015. Some teams opt for two-point conversions in certain situations, but a consistent kicker remains a vital asset.
Blocking Field Goals And Extra Points
Defending against field goals and extra points requires impeccable timing and execution. The goal of the defense is to penetrate the blocking line and either block the kick or pressure the kicker into a miss. Special teams players with strong vertical leaps and quick reaction times excel at blocking kicks. A well-timed jump or an extended arm can make the difference in a tight game. Some teams use innovative strategies, such as shifting the defensive line just before the snap to disrupt the kicker’s rhythm. A blocked field goal can swing the momentum in favor of the defending team, potentially leading to a game-altering play.
Onside Kicks
Onside kicks are one of the most exciting and high-risk plays in football. Teams use onside kicks when they need to regain possession quickly, usually in late-game situations. The kicking team attempts to bounce the ball unpredictably within the required 10 yards to give their players a chance to recover it before the receiving team does. This play requires precise execution, as the ball must travel the minimum distance without being touched prematurely. Special teams units practice onside kick techniques extensively, knowing that a successful recovery can extend a comeback effort. The receiving team must be equally prepared, ensuring they anticipate and secure the ball quickly to prevent the kicking team from regaining possession.
Fake Punts And Fake Field Goals
Special teams play is not just about routine execution; trick plays can add an element of surprise. Fake punts and fake field goals are designed to catch the opponent off guard. A fake punt might involve the punter passing or running the ball instead of kicking it, while a fake field goal could see the holder throwing a pass or executing a lateral play. These plays require careful planning and execution, as failure can leave the team in poor field position. Coaches use fake plays sparingly but effectively, often in critical moments when a game-changing play is needed.
The Importance Of Special Teams Coaching
Great special teams play does not happen by accident. Special teams coaches are responsible for ensuring their units execute plays with precision and discipline. These coaches analyze game film, develop strategies, and conduct specialized drills to improve players’ skills. Because many special teams players are backups from the offense and defense, coaching is essential in teaching them specific techniques for their roles. Attention to detail is crucial, as a single mistake on special teams can result in a costly turnover or big play for the opponent. Strong special teams coaching often distinguishes elite teams from average ones.
Conclusion
Special teams are an integral part of American football, often making the difference between winning and losing. Whether it’s a game-winning field goal, a perfectly executed punt, or a crucial onside kick recovery, special teams units impact every game. While they may not receive as much attention as offense and defense, their contributions are undeniable. Coaches, players, and fans who understand the significance of special teams recognize that success in this phase of the game requires speed, precision, and strategic execution. Next time you watch a football game, keep an eye on the special teams—they might just be the reason one team comes out on top.